The two most common types of esophageal cancer are adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Esophageal adenocarcinoma forms in the glandular cells. These cells are in the lining of the esophagus and make fluids, such as mucus. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma forms in the squamous cells in the esophagus.
Esophageal cancer is one of the most unknown and deadliest cancers worldwide, mainly because of its extremely aggressive nature and poor survival rate. Esophageal cancer is the 6th leading cause of death from cancer and the 8th most common cancer in the world. The 5-year survival is around 15%-25%.
Survival for all stages of oesophageal cancer
more than 45 out of every 100 (more than 45%) will survive their cancer for 1 year or more after they are diagnosed. almost 20 out of every 100 (almost 20%) will survive their cancer for 5 years or more.
Esophageal cancer is often in an advanced stage when it is diagnosed. At later stages, esophageal cancer can be treated but rarely can be cured.
Stage 4 oesophageal cancer means your cancer might have spread into other organs or body structures next to the oesophagus. Or it might have spread to 7 or more lymph nodes. Some stage 4 cancers have spread to other parts of your body, such as the lungs or liver. This is a simplified description.
The overall five-year survival rate for esophageal cancer is about 20%, but survival rates can range from 5% to 47%. When esophageal cancer is found early and when it is small, the five-year survival rate is higher.
The growth rate of esophageal cancer can vary widely. In some cases, especially with adenocarcinomas, the growth can be relatively slow, leading to local spread over a period of years. On the other end, squamous cell carcinomas are often associated with a more rapid development and spread.
Adenocarcinoma of the lung and bronchus: The five-year relative survival rate of lung adenocarcinoma is 73.3 percent for localized cases, 46.4 percent for regional cases and 11 percent for distant cases.
1 Esophagectomy is an extensive procedure that carries a high risk (40–60%) of serious and sometimes lethal complications. 1 The long-term (5-year) survival after surgery is limited—only 31% according to nationwide population-based studies from Sweden.
The risk of esophageal cancer increases with age. According to the American Cancer Society , fewer than 15% of esophageal cancer diagnoses occur in people under 55 years. The median age at diagnosis is 68 years, and diagnosis is most common among those aged 65–74 years.
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