Epiploic appendages are small outpouchings of fat-filled, serosa-covered structures present on the external surface of the colon projecting into the peritoneal cavity. Each appendage encloses small branches of the circular artery and vein that supply the corresponding segment of the colon.
Epiploic means "of or associated with an omentum." The omentum is a fold in the peritoneum, and the peritoneum is the tissue that surrounds the abdominal cavity. Epiploic appendages are protrusions that exist among the folds of the peritoneum.
What causes epiploic appendagitis? Epiploic appendagitis is most commonly (up to 73% of cases) caused by torsion of the appendage, which leads to obstruction of the vascular supply and subsequent necrosis. Less common causes involve thrombosis or embolism of the vessels supplying the appendage, leading to ischemia.
These pouches help the body absorb nutrients, and they protect blood vessels in the large intestine. Most people have about 50–100 epiploic appendices. Epiploic appendagitis occurs if something cuts off the blood supply to these pouches.
Their function is not definitely known. It is likely that they act as a depot for fat, as a protective mechanism in peritoneal infection and as a cushion to the colon and its increasingly more solid contents.
Epiploic appendages are small outpouchings of fat-filled, serosa-covered structures present on the external surface of the colon projecting into the peritoneal cavity. Each appendage encloses small branches of the circular artery and vein that supply the corresponding segment of the colon.
The epiploic foramen, also called the foramen of Winslow, is a small vertical passage between the greater sac (peritoneal cavity proper) and the lesser sac (omental bursa), allowing communication between these two spaces.
Treatment for EA
EA doesn't usually need to treatment other than over-the-counter pain medicines. If pain is severe, your provider may give you a limited prescription of opioids. Follow your provider's specific instructions. EA should go away on its own in a couple weeks.
Acute appendicitis is a very common cause of abdominal pain which is optimally treated surgically. On the other hand, epiploic appendagitis is a self-resolving condition typically managed with analgesia alone, which can also present with severe abdominal pain. Both can present similarly and be difficult to distinguish.
The sigmoid colon is the part of the large intestine (colon) closest to the rectum. It absorbs water from stool and pushes the stool to the rectum and anus until it's ready to be expelled when you use the bathroom. Colorectal cancer is an umbrella term for colon cancer and rectal cancer.
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