Your axillary nerve, also known as the circumflex nerve, is one of five peripheral nerves that run through your shoulder. Axillary nerves start in your neck at the brachial plexus (a network of nerves in your shoulder). This network of nerves enables movement and sensation to your upper limbs.
The axillary nerve supplies two muscles in the arm: deltoid (a muscle of the shoulder) and teres minor (one of the rotator cuff muscles). The axillary nerve also carries sensory information from the shoulder joint.
The axillary nerve is formed within the axilla area of the upper limb. It is a direct continuation of the posterior cord from the brachial plexus – and therefore contains fibres from the C5 and C6 nerve roots.
The middle subscapular nerve (C6-C8), also known as the thoracodorsal nerve, innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle and travels with the thoracodorsal artery. The 5 terminal branches of the brachial plexus are the musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, axillary, and radial nerves.
Your axillary nerve, also known as the circumflex nerve, is one of five peripheral nerves that run through your shoulder. Axillary nerves start in your neck at the brachial plexus (a network of nerves in your shoulder). This network of nerves enables movement and sensation to your upper limbs.
Exams and Tests
Tests that may be used to check axillary nerve dysfunction include: EMG and nerve conduction tests will likely be normal right after the injury and should be done several weeks after the injury or symptoms start. MRI or x-rays of the shoulder.
C5 provides sensation to the upper part of your upper arm down to your elbow. Cervical nerve 6 controls the extensor muscles of your wrist and is involved in the control of your biceps. C6 provides sensation to the thumb side of your forearm and hand. Cervical nerve 7 controls your triceps and wrist extensor muscles.
In many cases, axillary nerve injury will heal on its own. This may take several months. During that time it is important to do physical therapy to maintain flexibility across the shoulder joint. If after several months, the weakness does not improve, then surgery to treat the nerve injury is indicated.
Imaging, especially MRI, plays an important role to detect the underlying causes of nerve damage (extrinsic mass, rotator cuff tear, etc.), the precise topography of injury (involvement of both supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles if the nerve is injured at suprascapular notch and isolated denervation sign of ...
Results. The axillary nerve is often injured after shoulder dislocations or humeral fractures and can heal without surgical intervention. Operative treatments are indicated if the injury does not show signs of recovery.
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